Kerugian & Bahaya “Susu” Formula
Anda masih memberikan bayi Anda susu formula? Tahukah Anda bahwa susu formula bisa berbahaya dan merugikan? Menurut Dr. Asti Praborini SpA, IBCLC, kerugian dan bahaya susu formula tidak hanya terdapat pada kandungan susu formulanya saja, tetapi juga perlengkapan botol dan dot untuk meminumnya. Bahkan proses produksi susu formula pun membawa kerugian tersendiri. Untuk memproduksi susu formula, semua produsen di Indonesia membuat susu formula dengan bahan baku susu sapi yang kurang lebih sebesar 70% diimpor, terutama dari New Zealand dan Australia. Pakan ternak sapi berupa konsentrat pun masih diimpor.
Tahun 2002, FDA (Food and Drug Administration), badan POM Amerika Serikat memperingatkan bahwa kuman Enterobacter sakazaki bisa terdapat pada susu bayi. Kuman itu dapat menyebabkan sepsis (infeksi luas di seluruh tubuh), meningitis (radang selaput otak), ataupun necrotising enterocolitis (infeksi usus) dengan case-fatality (tingkat kefatalan) rata-rata 33%. Selain itu FDA berpendapat bahwa susu bubuk bukanlah produk komersil yang steril. Untuk itu susu formula bubuk sangat tidak dianjurkan untuk bayi prematur, anak dengan gangguan sistem imun, dan anak dari ibu HIV positif.
Komposisi protein pada ASI dibandingkan susu sapi (susu formula) sangat berbeda. Begitu juga dengan komposisi mineralnya. Kelebihan komposisi pada susu formula bisa membuat ginjal atau lambung pada bayi tidak dapat bekerja dengan baik. Bila kebanyakan protein malah akan membuat pengosongan lambung menjadi lama. Selain itu protein yang terlalu tinggi juga menyebabkan bayi baru lahir rentan mengalami menjadi obesitas.
Kerugian Botol & Dot
Menurut Dr. Asti, kerugian botol dan dot dapat dilihat dari jenis plastik yang digunakan. Ada 7 jenis plastik yang biasa digunakan untuk botol minuman, alat makan, dan lain-lain. Beberapa jenis plastik tersebut apabila dipanaskan dapat mengeluarkan zat karsinogenik (berpotensi menyebabkan kanker).
Jenis-jenis plastik:
1. PET: Polythylene
Digunakan untuk wadah air mineral sekali pakai, bukan untuk air panas atau hangat, karena dapat mengeluarkan zat karsinogenik.
2. HDPE: High Density Polythylene
Botol tampak buram dan tahan panas. Tetap untuk sekali pakai, karena dapat melepas anti mono-trioksida.
3. PVC: Polyvinyl Chloride
Jenis plastik ini sulit untuk didaur ulang dan dapat menimbulkan toksik bagi ginjal dan hati.
4. LDPE: Low Density Polythylene
Plastik ini diproduksi dari minyak bumi sehingga wadah makanan, plastik kemasan, dan botol berbahan lembek. Alat makan dengan plastik jenis ini kuat dan tembus cahaya. Selain itu dapat didaur ulang dan sulit bereaksi secara kimia dengan makanan.
5. PP: Polypropylene
Botol berwarna transparan dan stabil pada suhu tinggi. Jenis plastik ini baik untuk menyimpan makanan dan sebagai botol minuman bayi.
6. PS: Polystyrene
Jenis plastik ini biasa digunakan untuk tempat makan styrofoam. Jenis ini harus dihindari karena dapat melepas styrene bila bereaksi dengan makanan. Berbahaya untuk otak dan dapat mengganggu produksi estrogen (salah satu hormon kewanitaan). Jenis plastik ini pun sulit untuk didaur ulang.
7. Untuk nomor 7 ini memiliki empat jenis, yaitu:
- SAN: Styrene Acrylo Nitrile
- ABS: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
- PC: Polycarbonate
- Nylon
Biasanya plastik keempat jenis nomor 7 itu dijadikan alat rumah tangga, onderdil mobil, komputer, elektronik, dan bukan untuk wadah makanan. Untuk PC seringkali dipakai untuk gelas, botol susu, kaleng kemasan, dan kaleng susu formula. Keempat jenis plastik tersebut mengeluarkan bisphenol-A yang dapat merusak hormon, kromosom ovarium, dan produksi sperma menurun.
Dr. Asti menganjurkan, dari berbagai jenis plastik di atas, jika ingin membeli botol susu bayi sebaiknya dari bahan kaca dan plastik jenis 4 dan 5. Untuk cangkir sebaiknya dipilih bahan stainless dan plastik jenis 4 atau 5. Untuk dot sebaiknya pilihlah bahan silikon, karena tidak karsinogenik seperti lateks, serta jangan lupa untuk menghindari alat makan dari plastik.
Selain itu, Dr. Asti juga memberitahukan kerugian dari pemakaian dot, yaitu menyebabkan bayi mengalami bingung puting, terjadi maloklusi gigi (gigi tidak terkatup sempurna) dan aspirasi. Hal itu dikarenakan pendeknya bentuk dot, sehingga susu tergenang di rongga mulut dan mengakibatkan karies dentis ataupun tonsilitis.
Sumber: Majalah Kesehatan Dokter Kita, edisi 11-2009
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